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  • The Handing Back of Hong Kong: 1945 and 1997

      Article
    Andrew Whitfield examines the recovery of Hong Kong from the Japanese, 52 years before its return to China. As the clock ticks ever closer to midnight on 30 June 1997, the sun will set on Britain’s last major colonial outpost. Thousands of miles from the motherland, the colony originally acted...
    The Handing Back of Hong Kong: 1945 and 1997

  • The Migration of Indians to Guiana and Surinam

      Article
    While migration from Europe to North America and elsewhere is well known, that from India is less familiar to Western readers. Ananda Dulal Sarkar provides an account of Indian migrants to the former British and Dutch Guianas. Within India, particularly during British rule, young and able-bodied males migrated hundreds of...
    The Migration of Indians to Guiana and Surinam

  • An American showman P. T. Barnum - Promoter of 'freak shows' for all the family

      Historian article
    Refer nowadays to Phineas Taylor Barnum (1810-91)—once among the most recognisable and talked about of all nineteenth century Americans— only to conjure up visions of Barnum & Bailey’s three-ring circuses, menageries, acrobats, and Jumbo the elephant. Such images tend to obscure that in 1880, on creation of the famous travelling...
    An American showman P. T. Barnum - Promoter of 'freak shows' for all the family

  • The 2007 Medlicott Medal Lecture What kind of history should school history be?

      Historian article
    I need to start by introducing myself. Most of the previous winners of the distinguished Norton Medlicott Medal have been household names, historians who have moved beyond the library shelves to reach wider audiences through the popularity of their books or television programmes. If you looked through the Radio Times...
    The 2007 Medlicott Medal Lecture What kind of history should school history be?

  • The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

      Historian article
    Why did both the parliaments of Scotland and England vote themselves out of existence in 1707 in order to create a new ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’? From an English perspective, there was always a strong feeling that this union did not create a new kingdom and that it certainly...
    The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

  • Spinning with the Brain: Women's Writing in Seventeenth Century England

      Article
    Norma Clarke and Helen Weinstein consider new approaches to the presentation of women writers on BBC radio. 'True it is, Spinning with the Fingers, is more proper to our Sex than Studying or Writing Poetry, which is Spinning with the Brain; but, having no skill in the art of the...
    Spinning with the Brain: Women's Writing in Seventeenth Century England

  • Landowners and their motives for change at the Suffolk village of Culford between 1793 and 1903

      Historian article
    Isabel Jones from Thomas Mills High School at Framlingham was the winner of the Young Historian Award for Local History [16-19] in 2006. The Director of the Young Historian Project, Trevor James, has edited her winning essay. It has been shortened and the footnotes removed, to enable it to fit...
    Landowners and their motives for change at the Suffolk village of Culford between 1793 and 1903

  • Poetry of the Industrial Revolution in the West Midlands c.1730-1800

      Historian article
    There is a view that the poetry of the eighteenth century began with moralising neo-classical satire, that this was followed by insipid pastoral, and that the century closed with the advent of the Romantic. This view is simplistic. While at particular times particular types of poetry might have predominated (and...
    Poetry of the Industrial Revolution in the West Midlands c.1730-1800

  • Ruins in the woods: A case study of three historical ruins 'hidden' in the woodland of Derbyshire

      Historian article
    Ruined buildings shrouded in trees, masonry crumbling into the undergrowth. It sounds like the backdrop for an Indiana Jones movie, the sort of thing people trek across Central America or the wilds of Cambodia to find. But Britain has its own share of enigmatic relics. Three very different such historical...
    Ruins in the woods: A case study of three historical ruins 'hidden' in the woodland of Derbyshire

  • Faster, Higher, Stronger: The Birth of the Modern Olympics

      Article
    As the leading athletes of all nations prepare to come together this summer in Atlanta, the global communications media of the late twentieth century are constantly reminding us that 1996 marks the first centenary of the modern Olympic Games. The worldwide impact now made by these sporting festivals is all...
    Faster, Higher, Stronger: The Birth of the Modern Olympics

  • What does the future hold for Archives and what do the archives hold for you?

      Historian article
    Most people would accept that our Society is changing at a rate, and in ways, with which our predecessors have never had to deal. The old stabilities and certainties seem to have disappeared from our modern day lives. Perhaps this is why so many people seem to be interested in...
    What does the future hold for Archives and what do the archives hold for you?

  • Lyndon Johnson & Albert Gore: Southern New Dealers and the Modern South

      Historian article
    Lyndon Johnson and Albert Gore were elected to Congress within a year of each other in 1937-38. They were elected in the old style of patronage-oriented southern Democratic Party politics in which a plethora of candidates, with few issues to divide them, contested primary elections. Both circumvented the local county...
    Lyndon Johnson & Albert Gore: Southern New Dealers and the Modern South

  • A Crusading Outpost: the City and County of Edessa - 1095-1153

      Article
    Edessa is not now to be found on maps of the Near East; instead there is Urfa, the Turkish name for the former Christian city lying in the upper region of the Euphrates valley some two hundred and fifty kilometres from the Mediterranean. Like Christian Edessa, Moslem Urfa is a...
    A Crusading Outpost: the City and County of Edessa - 1095-1153

  • The first trans-Atlantic hero? General James Wolfe and British North America

      Article
    Early on the morning of 8 June 1758, British frigates unleashed their broadsides upon French shore defences at Gabarus Bay, on the foggy and surf-lashed island of Cape Breton. Under cover of the warships' guns, a motley flotilla of craft headed towards the land. Propelled by straining Royal Navy oarsmen,...
    The first trans-Atlantic hero? General James Wolfe and British North America

  • Personality & Power: The individual's role in the history of twentieth-century Europe

      Article
    What role do individuals wielding great power play in determining significant historical change? And how do historians locate human agency in historical change, and explain it? These are the issues I would like to reflect a little upon here. They are not new problems. But they are inescapable ones for...
    Personality & Power: The individual's role in the history of twentieth-century Europe

  • Radiating the Revolution: Agitation in the Russian Civil War 1917-21

      Article
    When the Bolsheviks seized power in what was essentially a carefully organised coup d’état in October 1917, they seized control only of the levers of central power in the then capital, Petrograd, which had already become the centre of working-class discontent. What they most emphatically did not do was to...
    Radiating the Revolution: Agitation in the Russian Civil War 1917-21

  • Why did regional variations exist in the prosecution of witches between 1580-1650

      Historian article
    Regional variations in the intensity of European witchhunting existed because the necessary preconditions for panic chain-reaction hunts were only constantly in place in a very small number of regions. More than 35,000 witchcraft executions took place in the Holy Roman Empire where there was a wide acceptance of the cumulative...
    Why did regional variations exist in the prosecution of witches between 1580-1650

  • The ideological contribution of 'The Times' in favour of motherhood in Great Britain between 1910–1920

      Historian article
    During the early years of the twentieth century, the New Liberals spread a political ideology which was much closer to socialism than to Victorian liberalism. Indeed, they preached State intervention in favour of social welfare, national prosperity and imperialistic strength; that social policy which logically required extra care and increased...
    The ideological contribution of 'The Times' in favour of motherhood in Great Britain between 1910–1920

  • The Irish historians' role and the place of history in Irish national life

      Historian article
    The debate on the nation and its history is new to England; and there is, perhaps, a tendency to assume that what is new in England is new everywhere. In Ireland, the debate has been going on since the 1970s, fuelled by what is called ‘revisionism’; or rather, by a...
    The Irish historians' role and the place of history in Irish national life

  • 'The Mouth of Hell': Religious Discord at Brailes, Warwickshire, C.1660-c.1800

      Article
    Colin Haydon explores religious intolerance and conflict in an English village. In recent years, many historians have explored the subject of religious intolerance, and particularly anti-Catholic sentiment, in early modern and modern England. The political allegiance of ‘Papists’ was suspect: was not their allegiance to the Pope – to ‘another...
    'The Mouth of Hell': Religious Discord at Brailes, Warwickshire, C.1660-c.1800

  • Bombing and the Air War on the Italian Front 1915-1918

      Article
    During the First World War air operations were on a much smaller scale on the Italian front than in France and Flanders. Italian fighter pilots claimed to have shot down fewer than a tenth of the number of enemy aircraft officially credited to German fighter pilots operating over the Western...
    Bombing and the Air War on the Italian Front 1915-1918

  • William Morris, Art and the Rise of the British Labour Movement

      Article
    Commenting in early 1934 at the University College, Hull, at the time of the centenary of William Morris’ birth and of a large exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum, the historian and active socialist, G.D.H. Cole commented, William Morris’ influence is very much alive today: but let us not...
    William Morris, Art and the Rise of the British Labour Movement

  • Attitudes to Liberty and Enslavement: the career of James Irving, a Liverpool slave ship surgeon and captain

      Historian article
    Prior to abolition in 1807, Britain was the world’s leading slave trading nation. Of an estimated six million individuals forcibly transported from Africa in the transatlantic slave trade in the eighteenth century, almost 2.5 million (40 per cent) were carried in British vessels.2 The contemporary attitudes and assumptions which underpinned...
    Attitudes to Liberty and Enslavement: the career of James Irving, a Liverpool slave ship surgeon and captain

  • Cholera and the Fight for Public Health Reform in Mid-Victorian England

      Article
    Of the many social changes that occurred during the Victorian age, public health reform is widely agreed to be one of the most significant. In the early Victorian era the vast majority of Britons drank water from murky ponds and rivers, carried to their dwellings in buckets; and their excrement...
    Cholera and the Fight for Public Health Reform in Mid-Victorian England

  • 'Wanted, The Elusive Charlie Peace': A Sheffield Killer Of The 1870s As Popular Hero

      Historian article
    On 28 November 1876, William and John Habron, Irish brothers habitually in trouble with the police, were tried at Manchester Assizes for the murder three months before of Police Constable Nicholas Cock (on the basis of ‘scientific’ footprint evidence at the scene of the crime). The jury found 19 year-old...
    'Wanted, The Elusive Charlie Peace': A Sheffield Killer Of The 1870s As Popular Hero