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  • Leopold von Ranke - Pamphlet

      Classic Pamphlet
    Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 - 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. According to Caroline Hoefferle, "Ranke was probably the most important historian to shape historical profession as it emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century." ...
    Leopold von Ranke - Pamphlet
  • Virtual Branch Recording: Hotel Exile: Paris in the Shadow of War

      Article
    Jane Rogoyska tells the story of the Hôtel Lutetia, the only ‘grand’ hotel on the city’s bohemian Left Bank, serving as a meeting place for artists, musicians and politicians. André Gide took his lunch here, James Joyce lived in one of its rooms, Picasso and Matisse were regular guests. But...
    Virtual Branch Recording: Hotel Exile: Paris in the Shadow of War
  • The Great Powers in the Pacific

      Classic Pamphlet
    This pamphlet covers a very large period of history in a very important region with great detail and focus. Themes that are covered include the transition of power and dominance in the pacific region, the conflicts that frequently arose in the struggle for pacific dominance throughout the centuries, as well...
    The Great Powers in the Pacific
  • Fascism in Europe 1919-1945

      Classic Pamphlet
    The importance of fascism in 20th Century Europe is beyond question. But what was - or is - fascism?It is synonymous with authoritarian rule or the totalitarian state, or with both? In political terms, is fascism ‘right-wing' or ‘left-wing', revolutionary or reactionary? Why did it develop? Was it truly only...
    Fascism in Europe 1919-1945
  • The Second World War

      Classic Pamphlet
    On 5 September 1939 the German Führer, Adolf Hitler, paid a surprise visit to the corps which was in the forefront of his army's ferocious assault upon Poland. As they passed the remains of a smashed Polish artillery regiment, the corps commander, General Guderian, astonished Hitler by telling him that...
    The Second World War
  • Minority rights and wrongs in Eastern Europe in the 20th century

      Article
    Mark Cornwall reflects on past and present attempts by the international community to protect national minorities in Eastern Europe. On 19 March 1995, the Prime Ministers of Hungary and Slovakia met in Paris to sign a ‘Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation’ between their two countries; on 13 June it was...
    Minority rights and wrongs in Eastern Europe in the 20th century
  • Capturing public opinion during the Paris Commune of 1871

      Historian article
    In the year of its 150th anniversary, Jason Jacques Willems offers his thoughts on the importance of centrist opinion to our understanding of the Paris Commune. 2021 is the 150th anniversary of the Paris Commune, when a revolutionary Parisian movement was pitted against the French government. The Franco-Prussian War of 1870...
    Capturing public opinion during the Paris Commune of 1871
  • Driver Ben Cobey 8th Royal Field Artillery

      Historian article
    Alf Wilkinson asks why three men were awarded the Victoria Cross during the retreat from Mons in August 1914 and the fourth involved in the action wasn’t. What does that tell us about Britain during the arly days of the Great War? In August 1914, when war broke out, the...
    Driver Ben Cobey 8th Royal Field Artillery
  • Film: Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea

      Article
    Professor Jan Rüger joined the Virtual Branch on 9th February 2023 to talk about his book Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea, tracing a rich history of contact and conflict from the Napoleonic Wars to the Cold War. For generations this North Sea island expressed a German...
    Film: Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea
  • Bismarck after Fifty Years

      Classic Pamphlet
    This notable essay by Dr. Erich Eyck, the most distinguished Bismarckian scholar of the mid-twentieth century was written on the invitation of the HA to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Bismark's death. Dr. Eyck, a German Liberal of the school of Ludwig Bamberger, found his way to England in the...
    Bismarck after Fifty Years
  • D-Day, Commemorations - the last big year to remember?

      Historian article
    This year it was the 70th anniversary of D-Day. The world's politicians and media went into overdrive about it. The BBC dedicated a whole day to the coverage, mainly live from Normandy while small events took place around the UK. For a whole day the upcoming centenary of the First...
    D-Day, Commemorations - the last big year to remember?
  • The Romanov Tercentenary: nostalgia versus history on the eve of the Great War

      Historian article
    The spring of 2013 was unusually significant for devotees of the Romanov dynasty. Though there was little international recognition of the fact, the season marked the 400th anniversary of the accession of Russia's first Romanov tsar. Historically, the story was a most dramatic one, for Mikhail Fedorovich had not seized...
    The Romanov Tercentenary: nostalgia versus history on the eve of the Great War
  • Introductory film: Brezhnev - Interpretations

      Part of the HA Interpretations Film Series: Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union
    Log in below to preview the introductory film - available to all registered users of the website. This open access introductory film forms part of our ongoing film series on Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union. All the films are available through the Student Zone with corporate secondary membership. ...
    Introductory film: Brezhnev - Interpretations
  • Britain and the Formation of NATO

      Article
    Carl Watts outlines the shift in British security policy and examines the role played by the Foreign Office during the post-War period. April 1999 marks the 50th anniversary of the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty, which came into effect in August 1949. The Cold War is over, but NATO...
    Britain and the Formation of NATO
  • Ending the French Revolution

      Historian article
    Malcolm Crook discusses why it was so difficult to end the most famous revolution of the eighteenth century and why it led to bloodshed and absolutism.
    Ending the French Revolution
  • After the revolution: did Cromwell, Washington and Bonaparte betray revolutionary principles?

      Historian article
    This article examines the aftermath of three epoch-making periods of change – the English, American, and French Revolutions. A comparison of the trio of military commanders who gained power as a direct consequence of these upheavals reveals how the very political radicalism which brought them to power also threatened to...
    After the revolution: did Cromwell, Washington and Bonaparte betray revolutionary principles?
  • Social Darwinism: the myth and its reinvention

      Historian article
    ‘Social Darwinism’ has been associated in academia and popular consciousness with negative concepts such as hyper-nationalism and eugenics. Geoffrey M. Hodgson challenges the notion that Social Darwinism or its proponents were ever well-defined. By tracing the use of ‘Social Darwinism’ across academic disciplines and globally over a long period, Hodgson...
    Social Darwinism: the myth and its reinvention
  • Real Lives: A German captain’s perspective on the end of WWI

      Historian feature
    Our series ‘Real Lives’ seeks to put the story of the ordinary person into our great historical narrative. We are all part of the rich fabric of the communities in which we live and we are affected sto greater and lesser degrees by the big events that happen on a daily...
    Real Lives: A German captain’s perspective on the end of WWI
  • Recorded webinar: Mapping uncertainty - Holocaust Memorial Day 2025

      Retracing the trajectories of young survivors in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust
    Recorded webinar: Mapping uncertainty - Holocaust Memorial Day 2025
  • Introductory film: Lenin - Interpretations

      Part of the HA Interpretations Film Series: Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union
    Log in below to preview the introductory film - available to all registered users of the website. This open access introductory film forms part of our ongoing film series on Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union. All the films are available through the Student Zone with corporate secondary membership. ...
    Introductory film: Lenin - Interpretations
  • Introductory film: Khrushchev - Interpretations

      Part of the HA Interpretations Film Series: Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union
    Log in below to preview the introductory film - available to all registered users of the website. This open access introductory film forms part of our ongoing film series on Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union. All the films are available through the Student Zone with corporate secondary...
    Introductory film: Khrushchev - Interpretations
  • Women and the French Revolution: the start of the modern feminist movement

      Historian article
    Luke Rimmo Loyi Lego explores the role of women in the French Revolution, and how their challenges to traditional gender roles laid the foundations for the modern feminist movement.  The study of the French Revolution is often restricted to its impact on the Enlightenment ideas of influential men such as Rousseau,...
    Women and the French Revolution: the start of the modern feminist movement
  • Evelyn Waugh’s books on the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935–36

      Historian article
    Philip Woods discusses Evelyn Waugh’s contribution to understanding the nature of journalism before the Second World War. This article compares the value to historians of the two books Evelyn Waugh wrote based on his experiences as a war correspondent covering the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935–36. The popular satiric novel Scoop (1938) is...
    Evelyn Waugh’s books on the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935–36
  • Recorded Webinar: Ukraine and the Soviet Politics of Empire

      Article
    Dr Zbigniew Wojnowski is a historian based at the University of Oxford. He specialises in the history of the Cold War and is particularly interested in the history of Soviet social, cultural, and political interactions with Eastern Europe after 1945. In 2017, he published a book entitled The Near Abroad:...
    Recorded Webinar: Ukraine and the Soviet Politics of Empire
  • What did ‘Mature Socialism’ mean for the Soviet Union?

      Historian article
    David Shipp analyses the state of socialism in the Soviet Union, from Brezhnev to Chernenko. ‘What is he thinking of? Reform, reform. Who needs it, and who can understand it? We need to work better, that is the only problem.’ These reported words of Leonid Brezhnev epitomise the view of the period...
    What did ‘Mature Socialism’ mean for the Soviet Union?