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                                                                                Nazi aggression: planned or improvised?
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Historian article
                                                                            
                                    
Read more like this:
Nazism and Stalinism
Fascism in Europe 1919-1945
Kristallnacht
Anti-semitism and the Holocaust
The Coming of War in 1939
Political internment without trial in wartime Britain
Neville Chamberlain: villain or hero?
The Mechanical Battle of Britain
Since the 1960s, there have been two main schools of thought...
                                    Nazi aggression: planned or improvised?
                                 
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                                                                                Henry VIII
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classis Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    What shall we think of Henry VIII? However that question has been or may be answered, one reply is apparently impossible. Not even the most resolute believer in deterministic interpretations of history seems able to escape the spell of that magnificent figure; I know of no book on the age...
                                    Henry VIII
                                 
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                                                                                Podcast: Mad or Bad? Was Henry VI a tyrant?
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Presidential Lecture 2011
                                                                            
                                    Professor Anne Curry delivered her final Presidential lecture at the Historical Association Annual Conference 2011 in Manchester.
Henry VI (1422-61) was England's youngest king, only nine months old when he succeeded his famous father. Traditionally he is seen as incompetent, pious and, latterly, insane, and thereby causing the Wars of...
                                    Podcast: Mad or Bad? Was Henry VI a tyrant?
                                 
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                                                                                Schools of Vice: how a medical scandal led to the dismantling of Britain’s last prison hulks
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Historian article
                                                                            
                                    Hulks – former naval ships used as prisons for those convicted of serious crime and sentenced to transportation – were intended to be a temporary solution to a penal crisis caused by the American Revolutionary Wars. These ‘schools of vice’, or ‘floating hells’ lasted 80 years, casting a shadow over...
                                    Schools of Vice: how a medical scandal led to the dismantling of Britain’s last prison hulks
                                 
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                                                                                King Charles I
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classic Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    The principles involved in the great religious and constitutional conflicts of the seventeenth century are so important to us today, that it seems desirable on the occasion of the present tercentenary to lay before the members of the Historical Association some means of examining and re-examining their views on the...
                                    King Charles I
                                 
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                                                                                Diagrams in History
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Historian article
                                                                            
                                    One of the gifts of the social sciences to history is the use of expository diagrams; but attention is rarely given to the history of diagrams. Maps - schematized representations of locations in spatial relation to one another - can be dated back to Babylonia in the late third millennium...
                                    Diagrams in History
                                 
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                                                                                Peter the Great
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classic Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    No European ruler except Napoleon I has impressed both contemporise and later historians so profoundly as Peter I of Russia by the originality and the personal character of his achievements. Like Napoleon, Peter appeared to some observers, at least in his later years, as almost more than human. He seemed...
                                    Peter the Great
                                 
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                                                                                Fascism in Europe 1919-1945
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classic Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    The importance of fascism in 20th Century Europe is beyond question. But what was - or is - fascism?It is synonymous with authoritarian rule or the totalitarian state, or with both? In political terms, is fascism ‘right-wing' or ‘left-wing', revolutionary or reactionary? Why did it develop? Was it truly only...
                                    Fascism in Europe 1919-1945
                                 
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                                                                                Ulrich Zwingli
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classic Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    The Reformation of the sixteenth century has many sides, and not the least significant of these is the contribution from Switzerland. How under the leadership of Zwingli, Zurich, Berne, Basle and St Gall broke away from Rome, how this led to civil war, how and why agreement with the German...
                                    Ulrich Zwingli
                                 
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                                                                                Film: The Weimar Republic
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Film series: Power and authority in Germany, 1871-1991
                                                                            
                                    Professor Tim Grady takes us back to the final days of the First World War to examine the developing splits in German society that turned into revolutionary chasms following the country’s defeat. From this he reassesses some of the factors that led to the Weimar Republic’s collapse while also allowing...
                                    Film: The Weimar Republic
                                 
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                                                                                Stalinism
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classic Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    Stalin's remarkable career raises quite fundamental questions for anyone interested in history. Marxists, whose philosophy should cause them to downgrade the role of ‘great men' as an explanation of great events, have problems in fitting Stalin into the materialist interpretation of history: did not this man ride rough-shod over the...
                                    Stalinism
                                 
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                                                                                The Poor Law in Nineteenth-century England and Wales
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Classic Pamphlet
                                                                            
                                    Variety rather than uniformity characterised the administration of poor relief in England and Wales, and at no period was this more apparent than in the decades before the national reform of the poor law in 1834. Unprecedented economic and social changes produced severe problems for those responsible for social welfare,...
                                    The Poor Law in Nineteenth-century England and Wales
                                 
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                                                                                Film: Yeltsin and the fall of the Soviet Union
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Film Series: Power and authority in Russia and the Soviet Union
                                                                            
                                    In this film, Dr Edwin Bacon (University of Lincoln), explores the role Yeltsin played in the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Dr Bacon takes us from the fall of the Berlin Wall, the rise of nationalism in the new republics, and how Yeltsin became Russia’s first elected head of state....
                                    Film: Yeltsin and the fall of the Soviet Union
                                 
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                                                                                Ending Camelot: the assassination of John F Kennedy
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Historian article
                                                                            
                                    The murder of America’s thirty-fifth president is often regarded as one of the key events in the recent history of the United States. Numerous conspiracy theories have made it appear more complex, and more mysterious, than was in fact the case.
No event in recent American history has been more comprehensively...
                                    Ending Camelot: the assassination of John F Kennedy
                                 
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                                                                                The Spanish-American War revisited: rise of an American empire?
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Historian article
                                                                            
                                    Anthony Ruggiero reveals how United States foreign policy evolved from its effective adherence to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 into securing its own overseas ‘empire’.
The Spanish-American War of 1898 was pivotal in launching the United States into recognition as an empire.  Following the war, the United Sates accepted its role...
                                    The Spanish-American War revisited: rise of an American empire?
                                 
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                                                                                The Historian 166: Crime and Punishment
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    The magazine of the Historical Association
                                                                            
                                    This edition of The Historian is free to access for all HA members. Find out about membership here.
Contents
5 Editorial (Read article)
6 Coroners, communities, and the Crown: mapping death and justice in late medieval England – Stephanie Emma Brown (Read article - open access)
11 Mercurial justice: a...
                                    The Historian 166: Crime and Punishment
                                 
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                                                                                Polychronicon 135: Post-modern Holocaust Historiography
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Teaching History feature
                                                                            
                                    The field of Holocaust studies has been hit by an intellectual earthquake whose precise magnitude and long-term consequences cannot be ascertained at this stage. In 2007 Saul Friedländer published The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945. The book has been rightly celebrated as the first victim-centred synthetic history...
                                    Polychronicon 135: Post-modern Holocaust Historiography
                                 
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                                                                                From tragedy to triumph: The courage of Henrietta, Lady of Luxborough 1699-1756
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Historian article
                                                                            
                                    Why is Henrietta Luxborough, who was born in 1699, of interest today? In the first place because of whom she was; in the second because of what happened to her; and in the third because of her courage which enabled her to overcome adversity and lead a life utterly different...
                                    From tragedy to triumph: The courage of Henrietta, Lady of Luxborough 1699-1756
                                 
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                                                                                Virtual Branch Recording: Food and drink in the medieval monastery
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Article
                                                                            
                                    In his recent book The Monastic World, Andrew Jotischky looks at how from the late Roman Empire onwards, monasteries and convents were a common sight throughout Europe. The history of monasticism is defined by the fierce and passionate abandonment of the ordinary comforts of life, the most striking being food and drink....
                                    Virtual Branch Recording: Food and drink in the medieval monastery
                                 
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                                                                                Film: The life and legend of the Sultan Saladin
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Article
                                                                            
                                    Jonathan Phillips’s 2020 HA Virtual Conference keynote talk on The life and legend of the Sultan Saladin reveals how a man initially branded as ‘the son of Satan’ became so esteemed in Europe and, through extensive new research, we will follow how his character and achievements have acted as a role model for...
                                    Film: The life and legend of the Sultan Saladin
                                 
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                                                                                Film: Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Article
                                                                            
                                    Professor Jan Rüger joined the Virtual Branch on 9th February 2023 to talk about his book Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea, tracing a rich history of contact and conflict from the Napoleonic Wars to the Cold War.
For generations this North Sea island expressed a German...
                                    Film: Heligoland: Britain, Germany, and the Struggle for the North Sea
                                 
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                                                                                Film: Discussion: Historical memory of key individuals in the Civil Rights Movement
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Film series: The African-American Civil Rights Movement
                                                                            
                                    Professor Tony Badger, Professor Joe Street and Professor Brian Ward discuss the African-American Civil Rights movement and examine different ways we might interpret the significance of key individuals, groups, institutions and events that played a role in its development and progress.
This section reflects on how the past is portrayed...
                                    Film: Discussion: Historical memory of key individuals in the Civil Rights Movement
                                 
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                                                                                Film: Discussion: The significance of individuals, presidents and communities to the Civil Rights Movement
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Film series: The African-American Civil Rights Movement
                                                                            
                                    Professor Tony Badger, Professor Joe Street and Professor Brian Ward discuss the African-American Civil Rights movement and examine different ways we might interpret the significance of key individuals, groups, institutions and events that played a role in its development and progress.
In this film individual civil rights campaigners' actions are discussed...
                                    Film: Discussion: The significance of individuals, presidents and communities to the Civil Rights Movement
                                 
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                                                                                Recorded webinar: John F. Kennedy and the Vietnam War
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    An enduring counterfactual
                                                                            
                                    Would US President John F. Kennedy have avoided the catastrophe that became the Vietnam War if Lee Harvey Oswald had not assassinated him in Dallas on that fateful day of 22 November 1963? This question – or a version of it – has animated discussions of the Vietnam War for...
                                    Recorded webinar: John F. Kennedy and the Vietnam War
                                 
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                                                                                Podcast Series: Ancient British and Irish Pagan Religion
                                        
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                      
                                                                                    Ancient British and Irish Pagan Religion
                                                                            
                                    In this podcast Professor Ronald Hutton of the University of Bristol looks at Ancient British and Irish Pagan Religion.
                                    Podcast Series: Ancient British and Irish Pagan Religion