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Exploring and Teaching Twentieth-Century History
A secondary education publication of the Historical Association
This resource is free to everyone. For access to our library of high-quality secondary history materials along with free or discounted CPD and membership of a thriving community of history teachers and subject leaders, join the Historical Association today
For a long time, history curricula on the 20th century prioritised...
Exploring and Teaching Twentieth-Century History
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How students make sense of the historical concepts of change, continuity and development
Teaching History article
First order knowledge and understanding, relating to the ‘stuff' of history, is, of course, absolutely fundamental to the development of children's historical knowledge and understanding. However, as Frances Blow shows, in a contribution to a series of articles exploring second order concepts in history published in Teaching History by Peter...
How students make sense of the historical concepts of change, continuity and development
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A scaffold, not a cage: progression and progression models in history
Teaching History article
The need to understand ways of defining progression in history becomes ever more pressing in the face of a target-setting, assessment-driven regime which requires us to measure progress at every turn. We must defend our professional expertise in terms of measurable outcomes. Did we add value? Have our end of...
A scaffold, not a cage: progression and progression models in history
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Key Stage 2-3 History Transition Project
Guide to KS2-KS3 Transition
Please note: these resources pre-date the 2014 National Curriculum. For more recent resources on Transition KS2-KS3 please see:
Transition KS2–KS3 (Primary History article, 2021)
Smooth Transitions: Key Stage 2 to 3 (Primary History article, 2020)
Transition Key Stage 2 and 3 (Primary History article, 2016)
Before 1066 & All That: Transition between...
Key Stage 2-3 History Transition Project
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Active Historical Thinking
Teaching History article
‘Thinking Skills' have been much discussed in England since, at least, the revision of the National Curriculum in 2000 and have recently morphed, with the 2008 revisions to the curriculum, into ‘Personal, Learning and Thinking Skills'. Often, however, such ‘skills' are discussed in abstract and cross-curricular ways, outside the context...
Active Historical Thinking
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Teaching History 202: Organising Principles
The HA's journal for secondary history teachers
03 Editorial (Read article)
04 HA Secondary News
06 HA Update
08 How foundational concepts, supporting concepts and concrete examples can help untangle the past at Key Stage 3 – Gareth Lennon (Read article)
16 Making substantive concepts (do the) work: towards a strategy of conceptual progression at Key Stage 3...
Teaching History 202: Organising Principles
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Triumphs Show: Diversifying the curriculum at A-level
Teaching History feature
There is a wealth of literature arguing for the importance of accommodating a wide range of perspectives and experiences in school history curricula. Many have contended that it is crucial to include the stories of those traditionally omitted from historical records in order to teach history well. Others have emphasised...
Triumphs Show: Diversifying the curriculum at A-level
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Approaches to teaching about national identities and belonging across the history curriculum
Teaching History article
How might ideas from social science help history teachers and their students make sense of multiple and hybrid identities in a complex world? Magnoff, Tengra and Walker explore their pupils’ thinking about identity over time and the ways in which they have sought through their long-term curriculum planning to develop...
Approaches to teaching about national identities and belonging across the history curriculum
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From horror to history: teaching pupils to reflect on significance
Teaching History article
In this detailed account of the first stages of a lesson sequence for Year 9 (13-14 year-olds), Kate Hammond sets out the tensions that must be examined and resolved when planning and teaching this most demanding of topics. How can young teenagers be helped to develop a mature response to...
From horror to history: teaching pupils to reflect on significance
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Time and chronology: conjoined twins or distant cousins?
Teaching History article
Weaknesses in pupils' grasp of historical chronology are a commonplace in popular discussion of the state of history education. However, as Blow, Lee and Shemilt argue, although undoubtedly necessary and fundamental, mastery of chronological conventions is not sufficient: the difficulties that pupils experience when learning history are conceptual, as much...
Time and chronology: conjoined twins or distant cousins?
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Report on Reclaiming Women’s Place in the History Curriculum
End Sexism in Schools research report
Congratulations to the team behind the new report The Great History Heist: Reclaiming Women’s Place in the History Curriculum.
The publication of some of the outcomes from the report in The Guardian has brought to public attention the important evidence that despite being at least 50% of the population, women are...
Report on Reclaiming Women’s Place in the History Curriculum
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On-demand webinar: Making it stick: enhancing memory retention for pupils with SEND in GCSE history
Webinar series: Making GCSE history accessible: supporting all learners at Key Stage 4
Webinar series: Making GCSE history accessible: supporting all learners at Key Stage 4
Session 2: Making it stick: enhancing memory retention for pupils with SEND in GCSE history
Presenter: Dale Banham
This session explores how to help SEND learners retain historical knowledge by applying research-informed strategies that reduce cognitive overload...
On-demand webinar: Making it stick: enhancing memory retention for pupils with SEND in GCSE history
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Teaching Year 9 about historical theories and methods
Teaching History article
Kate Hammond sets out a rationale for linking the National Curriculum requirement to study interpretations of history with her pupils’ own evidence handling skills. She makes connections with history-teacher-led debates and innovations in both areas, but particularly the work of Howells (2005). She describes and evaluates a learning sequence that...
Teaching Year 9 about historical theories and methods
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Pedagogical framework for stimulating historical contextualisation
Teaching History article
'Why am I accused of being a heretic?' A pedagogical framework for stimulating historical contextualisation
One of the challenges facing students who want to make sense of a source or an interpretation of the past is the need to place it in its context. Various research studies have shown that students...
Pedagogical framework for stimulating historical contextualisation
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On-demand webinar: Supporting the whole pupil: building confidence and inclusion in GCSE history
Webinar series: Making GCSE history accessible: supporting all learners at Key Stage 4
Webinar series: Making GCSE history accessible: supporting all learners at Key Stage 4
Session 3: Supporting the whole pupil: building confidence and inclusion in GCSE history
Presenter: Gemma Hargraves
This session explores some of the hidden barriers faced by neurodivergent pupils in the history classroom, including anxiety and low self-confidence....
On-demand webinar: Supporting the whole pupil: building confidence and inclusion in GCSE history
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On-demand webinar series: Making GCSE history accessible: supporting all learners at Key Stage 4
HA webinar series for history teachers, leaders and SENDCos
What does this series cover and why should I attend?
In recent years, the UK’s SEND system has been under the spotlight. As numbers of students with identified special educational needs increase, attention has been given to how to best embed inclusive practice, enabling teachers to support all students to...
On-demand webinar series: Making GCSE history accessible: supporting all learners at Key Stage 4
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HA Secondary History Survey 2024
Survey Report on History in Secondary Schools
For the last 15 years the Historical Association has carried out an annual or biennial survey of history teaching in Secondary Schools. The survey data now provides us with an up-to-date insight into the successes, pressures and concerns in schools affecting history and how those factors have developed, changed or...
HA Secondary History Survey 2024
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Webinar series: Leading SEND provision in secondary history
HA webinar series for history teachers, leaders and SENDCos
What does this series cover?
As the SEND system moves towards earlier intervention, tiered support and greater mainstream accountability, expectations of subject leaders in delivering inclusive education are sharpening. This series explores how history departments can respond proactively: building strong partnerships with SEND specialists, what inclusive curriculum design looks like...
Webinar series: Leading SEND provision in secondary history
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Film: Queer British History – 1714 to 1785
Film Series: Power and freedom in Britain and Ireland: 1714-2010
In episode 10, Dr Declan Kavanagh (University of Kent), reflects on Queer British history 1714-1785. Dr Kavanagh looks at the history of the language of LGBTQ+, in particular the term ‘queer’ in its very recent usage and how the language of descriptors for these communities has been influenced. Dr Kavanagh draws...
Film: Queer British History – 1714 to 1785
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What's happening in History? Trends in GCSE and 'A'-level examinations
Teaching History article
Teaching History frequently celebrates and analyses the practice of those history departments that appear to buck trends. In keeping with the Historical Association’s Campaign for History and its popular ‘Choosing History at 14’ Pack, a number of articles and Triumphs Shows in recent editions of Teaching History have celebrated the...
What's happening in History? Trends in GCSE and 'A'-level examinations
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Three strategies to support pupils’ study of historical significance
Teaching History article
When Paula Worth met with history-teaching colleagues to explore how they could improve their teaching about historical significance, she found that she was far from alone in finding the process a daunting one. Prompted to investigate the difficulties she had encountered, Worth realised that that she had previously reached for...
Three strategies to support pupils’ study of historical significance
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Radicalism and its Results, 1760-1837
Classic Pamphlet
Radicalism with a large "R", unlike Conservatism with a large "C" and Liberalism with a large "L", is not a historical term of even proximate precision. There was never a Radical Party with a national organization, local associations, or a treasury. But there were, and there are, "Radicals", generally qualified...
Radicalism and its Results, 1760-1837
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'But why then?' Chronological context and historical interpretations
Teaching History article
When Michael Fordham was introduced to Dr Seuss's Butter Battle Book he immediately recognised its potential value in the classroom as a popular interpretation of the Cold War.
Wanting his Year 9 pupils to explain how and why the past has been interpreted in different ways he shows the potential pitfalls...
'But why then?' Chronological context and historical interpretations
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In pursuit of shared histories: uncovering Islamic history in the secondary classroom
Teaching History article
In 2005, in a Teaching History article entitled, ‘A need to know’, Nicolas Kinloch built an argument for teaching the history of Islamic civilisations to all pupils. Afia Chaudhry returns to this theme, reflecting deeply on the needs of her own students – Muslim and non-Muslim alike – within a...
In pursuit of shared histories: uncovering Islamic history in the secondary classroom
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Teaching History 173: Opening Doors
The HA's journal for secondary history teachers
02 Editorial (Read article)
03 HA Secondary News
04 HA Update
08 Identity in history: why it matters and must be addressed! – Sophia Nzeribe Nascimento (Read article)
20 Triumphs Show: teaching Black Tudors as a window into Tudor England – Chris Lewis (Read article)
23 Cunning Plan... to use Black Tudors as a...
Teaching History 173: Opening Doors
